Bans in Chess
In
655 CE, Mohammed's son-in-law, Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, disapproved (but not
banned) the precursor of chess, shatranj, for his sect of Muslims since the
carved figures of the chess pieces were considered "graven images."
In 680 CE, the 50th rule of canons of the Trullan
Synod (Third Council of Constantinople) was interpreted as forbidding chess
with dice (alea) (source: Murray, A
History of Chess, p. 167, footnote 17).
In 725 CE, Sulaiman ibn Yashar disapproved of
chess.
In 780 CE, the caliph al-Mahdi, wrote a letter to
religious leaders in Mecca, asking them to give up gambling with dice and chess.
In 1005, chess was banned in Egypt by al-Hakim
bi-Amr Allah (985-1021), and chess sets and pieces were ordered burned. Players
were beaten for playing chess.
In 1061, the Italian cardinal bishop of Ostia,
Petrus (Peter, Pedro) Damiani (1007-1072), wrote a letter to the pope-elect
Alexander II (pope from 1961 to 1073), and to Archdeacon Hildebrand (who was
Pope Gregory VII from 1073 to 1085), complaining that priests were playing
chess (scacorum). He was particularly outraged that his traveling companion,
the Bishop of Florence, was seen playing chess in public (a hotel). Damaini
labeled chess as a game of chance, like dice, which was banned. Damaini was ignorant
of chess and prejudiced against it. He said that playing chess made" a
buffoon of a priest." Damiani's denunciation of chess led to a number of
ecclesiastical decrees which put chess among the games forbidden to the clergy
and monastic orders. Damiani became a saint and was made a Doctor of the Roman
Catholic Church by Pope Leo XII in 1828.
In 1093, the Eastern Orthodox Church condemned
chess. The Church tried to stamp out chess in Russia as a relic of heathenism.
In 1110, John Zonaras (1074-1130), a monk and
Byzantine theologian and canonist, excommunicated chess players and banned
chess as a kind of debauchery. He wrote a commentary on the rules of Apostolic
Canon and laid down excommunication as the penalty for playing chess (Canon
50), even among the laity. Zonaras had been a former captain of the Byzantine
imperial guard.
In 1125, Bishop Guy of Paris banned chess and
excommunicated a few priests who were caught playing chess. A chess enthusiast
priest then devised a secretive folding chess board. Once folded, it looked
like two books lying together.
In 1128, St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153), a
French abbot, banned the Knights Templar from playing chess. He wrote the
military orders for the Knights Templar and told them to foreswear chess and
dice.
In 1195, Rabbi Maimonides (1155-1204) included
chess among the forbidden and banned games.
In the late 12th century, Casimir II (1138-1194),
King of Poland, banned chess.
In 1197, Adam, the abbot of Persigny was warning
folks not to play chess and wanted the game banned. (source: Murray, A History
of Chess, p. 411)
In 1198, chess was banned from the clergy in Paris
as ordered by the bishop of Paris, Eudes (Odo) de Sully (1168-1208). He banned
all chess sets and chess boards from even being in the houses of the clergy.
(source: Murray, A History of Chess,
p. 410)
Around 1200, Alexander Neckam (1157-1217),
theologian and abbot of Cirencester Abbey in England, condemned chess as being
frivolous and wanted the game banned.
In November 1215, the Fourth Council of the
Lateran in Rome forbade priests from playing chess (canon 16).
In July 1240, the Synod of Worcester Synod in
England declared that chess was forbidden to the clergy and monastic orders.
(source: Murray, A History of Chess,
p.410)
In December 1254, King Louis IX (1214-1270) of
France banned chess under pain of a fine after returning from a Crusade. He
called chess a useless and boring game (source: Murray, A History of Chess). He had an aversion to all games. Despite
hating chess, it is said that he received a fine chess set as a gift from
Aladdin. King Louis IX was the only French king to be made a saint (Saint
Louis).
On May 8, 1255, the Provincial Council of Beziers,
France, stated that chess was forbidden by the clergy. (source: Murray, A
History of Chess)
Around 1270, King Henry III (1207-1272) instructed
the clergy to leave chess alone "on pain of durance vile."
In 1274, a decree issued at Abingdon, England,
banned chess from its monasteries.
In 1282, the Russian manuscript Clementine Kormch
included a series of directions of priests, which include no chess playing.
In 1291, the Archbishop of Canterbury, John
Peckham (1230-1292), banned chess in his congregation at the Priory of Coxford,
Norfolk. He threatened to put the prior and canons on a diet of bread and water
for three nights unless they desisted from playing chess. (source: Murray, A
History of Chess) Priests were banned from playing chess until 1299.
In 1310, the Council of Trier (which dealt with
witchcraft) in Germany ruled that chess was forbidden to the clergy in Germany.
(source: Murray, A History of Chess, p. 310)
In 1322, the Jewish rabbi Kalonymus ben Kalonymus
(1286-1328) condemned chess.
In 1329, chess was banned in Germany after the
statutes of the Synod of Wurzburg. (source: Murray, A History of Chess, p. 410)
In 1340, chess was banned at Queen's College,
Oxford. The game was called “noxious.
Inordinate and unhonest.”
In 1375, Charles V (1337-1380), under the
influence of the church, banned chess in France.
In 1380, William of Wykeham (1324-1404), the
Bishop of Winchester and the Chancellor of England, banned chess to scholars.
(source: Murray, A History of Chess, p. 441) He founded New College Oxford, New
College School, and Winchester College.
In 1390, John I of Aragon (1350-1396) banned chess
in northeastern Spain. (source: Murray, A History of Chess)
In 1404 the Synod of Langres forbade the clergy to
play chess and cards.
In the 15th century, Charles VI (1368-1422) banned
chess in France.
In 1464, under the reign of Edward IV (1442-1483),
a law was enacted to ban chess in England.
In 1549 the Protohierarch Sylvester (chaplain to
Ivan the Terrible) wrote that those who play chess shall go to hell and be
accursed on earth. This was documented in his work Domostroi (Household Government), a book of principles of family life. This was the first printed
book in Moscow. (source: Murray, A History of Chess, p. 381)
In 1551, Tsar Ivan IV (1530-1584) (Ivan the
Terrible) of Russia banned chess, but played chess himself. He died while
playing chess. During this period, leading clerics of Russia compiled the
Stoglav Collection, which banned chess. Stoglov, or Book of One Hundred
Chapters, is a collection of decisions of the Russian church council of 1551.
In 1585, the Provincial Council of Mexico banned
the clergy from playing chess in public or for money.
In the 1600s, the Puritans banned chess from their
sect, according to History of England by Macaulay.
In August 1624, John Middleton's play, A Game at
Chess, was staged by the King's Men at London's Globe Theatre. The play was
soon banned as it made fun of the Spanish Ambassador (caricaturized as the
black knight), the nobility, and Catholics.
In 1649, Tsar Alexei (1629-1676) banned chess in
Russia. The penalty for playing chess was whipping and imprisonment.
In 1848, the suppression of the Hungarian
Revolution banned chess clubs in Hungary until 1864.
In 1864, a Ladies' Chess Club was formed in
Germantown, a suburb of Philadelphia. It was the first chess club for ladies in
America. There were a dozen members, who met weekly at the residences of its
members. Men were barred from the chess club until the hour when their services
as escorts were required. (source: The Chess Player's Magazine, vol 2, 1864, p.
113)
In the 1867, Ellen White (1827-1915) co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, wanted chess banned, saying that Heaven condemned amusements such as chess, checkers, and cards. [source: Lake, “Was Ellen White Against Chess, Checkers, Tennis, and Bicycles?”, ellenwhiteanswers.org]
In
1918, chess activity in Soviet territory was briefly banned under the new
Bolshevik regime.
In 1922, public chess (and checker) playing on
Sundays was banned in Massachusetts. A law was passed to make it illegal to
play checkers and chess in public on Sunday. (source: The
Ottawa Citizen, Feb 4, 1922, p. 12]
In 1922, a cripple was convicted and fined for
playing checkers on Sunday in a public park in Massachusetts.
In 1927, Soviet chess champions E. D. Bogoljubov was banned from chess in the Soviet Union. He was banned because he “exhibited the typically bourgeois vice of putting his pocket book above his principles.” He was banned from the chess section of the All-Union Soviet of Physical Culture. [source: “Soviet Champion at Chess Banned,” The Bridgeport Telegram (Connecticut), Jan 21, 1927. P. 8]
In July 1928, the Brooklyn YMCA banned chess. All the chess tables and pieces were removed, and the YMCA management forbade its members from playing chess even on a magnetic or pocket chess set. The secretary of the YMCA concluded that chess attracted too many undesirable elements to the YMCA and that too many chess players or spectators were smoking during a chess game. Smoking was forbidden inside the YMCA. The YMCA also did not want to fund the extra supervisory personnel it needed to keep a room open for chess. [source: Brooklyn Daily Eagle, July 11, 1928]
In July-August 1928, the tournament organizers of the 2nd Chess Olympiad, held in The Hague, banned professional chess players. The British Chess Federation (BCF) accused the Americans of bringing professional chess players. As a result, the British team withdrew from the competition. The tournament organizers then reversed their decision and allowed anyone to play, but it was too late. Many of the teams sent their non-professional teams and some youngsters. [source: “2nd Chess Olympiad: The Hague 1928.” Olimpbase.org]
In April 1930, chess was banned in Harbin, China
as too dangerous and “against the public welfare.” Manchurian Chinese
police raided cafes to stop anyone from playing chess. Players protested
they were not gambling or playing for money. The Chinese police
responded, “No matter. Such games are dangerous.” [source: Intelligencer
(Edwardsville, Illinois), April 24, 1930]
In July 1933, all Jews were banned from the
Greater German Chess Association.
If caught playing chess, they were arrested.
In March 1940, the Germans arrested all the chess
players that were meeting at the Warsaw Chess Club (Kwiecinski Chess Cafe),
which was banned earlier by the Germans. The Jews were all taken to a
concentration camp (Danilowicowskia) in Palmiry, Poland (north of Warsaw) and
were later killed in a mass execution. This included Polish masters Dawid
Przepiorka (1880-1940), Achilles Frydmann, Stanislaw Kohn, and Moishe Lowtzky.
Over 2,000 men and women were executed there by the Nazis.
In the 1940s, the German Nazis barred Jews from
playing chess, including in occupied countries.
During World War II, the Soviet government
banned the mailing abroad of chess games and chess symbols. The new regulations were designed to prevent
transmission of any economic, military, or political information. [source: Ottawa
Journal, July 8, 1941]
During World War II, postal chess in America was
banned during wartime. The U.S. government feared the game was being used to
send secret messages.
In March 1944, chess as banned by trans-Atlantic
mail. It was explained this was done to prevent enemy agents from employing
such mediums to get code messages across the Atlantic. (source: The Troy Record, March 31, 1944) Censors
searched letters for discussions of chess because enemies would often hide
codes in chess symbols and moves. (source: Freedom
of Press and National Security in Four Wars, D. Smyth, 2007)
In
September 1944, the Soviets stripped Paul Keres (1916-1975) of his USSR
Grandmaster title and banned him from chess.
Keres later wrote a letter to Vyacheslav Molotov (1890-1986), Soviet
Minister of Foreign Affaris. The result
was he was given permission to resume his chess activities. [source: Tartajubow
On Chess blog, Jan 16, 2016]
After World War II, Alexander Alekhine was banned
from chess tournaments due to his anti-Semitic articles that he had written for
the Nazis.
In the 1940s, Mikhail Botvinnik tried to have Paul
Keres banned from playing chess. Botvinnik wrote to the Soviet Chess
Federation, "The next World Chess Champion should be a Soviet, like me,
and not an Estonia, like Paul Keres." Botvinnik prevented Keres from
playing at Groningen 1946 and prevented him from being a world championship
challenger. It wasn't until 1955 that Keres was permitted to play in a tournament
outside of Soviet control.
In 1950, black players were barred from the
Southern Chess Association tournament, held in North Carolina.
In the early 1950s, blacks were banned from chess
clubs in Chicago. Blacks were also not allowed to play in chess tournaments run
by the Southern Chess Association.
In 1954, blacks were banned from playing in the
U.S. Open, held in New Orleans.
In 1955, Norman Tweed Whitaker (1890-1975) was
banned from chess tournaments sponsored by the US Chess Federation, due to his
shady past and criminal record. Whitaker sued the USCF and the ban was revoked.
In 1955, blacks were barred from playing in the
Georgia Open chess tournament.
In the late 1950s, the Soviets banned chess in
Antarctica after a Soviet scientist at a Soviet research station killed his
colleague with an axe after he lost a game of chess.
At the 1959 U.S. Open chess tournament in Omaha,
Nebraska, blacks were barred from rent a room at the hotel (or other nearby
hotels ) in which the chess tournament was held.
In 1965, Bobby Fischer was banned from traveling
to Cuba to play chess by the U.S. State Department due to tension in
Cuba-United States relations. Instead, he played by telex from the Marshall
Chess Club in New York. He tied for 2nd.
In 1966, chess was banned in China as part of the
Cultural Revolution. By 1974, there was an easing of the ban. China began to
participate in international events in 1976.
In August 1969, Grandmaster Ludek Pachman
(1924-2003) was arrested and imprisoned for his political activities in
Czechoslovakia. He was charged of defaming a representative of the Republic and
supporting Dubcek. He was sent to Ruzyn Prison on the outskirts of Prague. He
was later charged with subversion and up to 10 years imprisonment. He was
released in December, 1970, but was banned from chess in Czechoslovakia. He
later moved to Germany to play chess.
In 1970, the British Chess Federation (BCF) barred
Welsh chess team from competing in the Counties and District Correspondence
Chess Championships. This led to the creation of the Welsh Correspondence Chess
Association. The BCF refused to recognize Wales as an independent postal chess
body, stating that the British Postal Chess Federation was the sole
representative of postal chess in Britain.
In the 1970 Chess Olympiad in Siegen, Germany, a
number of chess players and teams protested against South Africa's inclusion,
some withdrawing themselves. The Albanian team forfeited its match against the
South African team. South Africa was banned from World Chess Competition while
participating in the 1974 Chess Olympiad, finally returning to international
competition in the 1992 Chess Olympiad.
In 1971, 16-year-old Soni Romans was banned from
participating in the Channelview High School, Houston chess club. The reason was
that the 16-year old had been married, divorced, and had a child (which she
gave up for adoption). The school felt she shouldn't be allowed to participate
in any club activity because of her background and that she "might discuss
sex with other students."
In 1971, when Mark Taimanov (1926- ) returned to the USSR
after losing to Bobby Fischer 6-0, he was banned from playing outside the
country for several years and was stripped of his title Honored Master of Sport. He
was a concert pianist and was not allowed to give any more performances. He was
also banned from writing any articles and was deprived of his monthly stipend.
In 1974, FIDE temporarily banned South Africa and Rhodesia
(now Zimbabwe) from the chess Olympiad in Nice, France, due to their apartheid
practices. The ban remained in effect until 1992.
In 1974, Soviet grandmaster Viktor Korchnoi gave
an interview to a Yugoslav newspaper in which he criticized certain aspects of
the Soviet chess system. As a result, he was banned from the USSR national
chess team for a year and banned from playing in chess tournaments abroad. He
was also banned from publishing any chess analysis. These measures were lifted
in 1976.
In
1976, smoking was banned for USCF tournaments for the first time. Refusal of a
player to comply with the rule of non-smoking resulted in a penalty, up to and
including forfeiture of the game or even disqualification of the player.
In 1977, South Africa was banned from FIDE events
because of its apartheid practices. The ban remained in effect until 1992.
In 1979, after the Islamic revolution, chess was
banned in Iran on the count of encouraging gambling, warmongering, and
inattention to the five ritual prayers every day. This ban was in effect until
1988, when the Ayatollah Khomeini rehabilitated the game.
In the 1980s, USSR grandmaster Boris Gulko and his
wife were barred from top level chess competitions because of their
anti-communist views. The Gulko family was finally allowed to immigrate to the
United States in 1986.
In the 1980s, Jaan Ehlvest (1962- ) of Estonia was
once banned from playing chess by the Estonian Sports Committee after a
drinking incident in Tallinn.
In the 1980s, the Soviet Union banned cosmonauts
from playing chess in space with each other (they can play against ground
control personnel) after a fist fight once broke out between cosmonauts after
one of the cosmonauts lost his game to the other cosmonaut.
In 1985, Nick Down, a former British Junior Correspondence
champion, entered the British Ladies Correspondence Championship as Miss Leigh
Strange and won the event (and 15 British pounds along with the Lady Herbert
trophy). He then signed up to represent Britain in the Ladies Postal Olympiad.
He was later caught when one of his friends mouthed off about it and Nick
confessed. The whole thing had been cooked up by Nick Down and a group of
undergraduates at Cambridge, where Nick was a student. Nick returned the Lady
Herbert trophy and was banned from the British Correspondence Chess Association
for two years.
In 1986, FIDE banned Grandmaster Quinteros of
Argentina from playing chess in international events for three years because he
violated a sanction and played chess in South Africa.
In 1986, Susan Polgar was banned from the men's
world chess championship after qualifying, forcing FIDE to change the rules and
allow women to compete against men.
In 1986, Israel was banned from the chess Olympiad
held in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
In 1987, International Master Ricardo Calvo of
Spain was banned for 5 years by FIDE for insulting South American chess players
in his journalism.
In 1987, Grandmaster Miguel Quinteros (1947- ) of
Argentina was suspended and banned from FIDE events for three years for
violating the FIDE ban on South Africa twice. He played a 6-game exhibition
match in Johnnesburg in 1988. Other players banned because they played chess in
South Africa included Ludek Pachman (1924-2003), Karl Robatsch (1929-2000), who
was banned for one year, and Hans Kestler (1939- ).
In 1991, FIDE banned smoking in all FIDE chess
events.
In 1993, chess was banned from American River
College in California because of disruptive behavior on people playing in the
cafeteria and library. Campus police ordered some chess players to stop playing
chess. The players refused and the campus police confiscated the chess board
and pieces.
In 1994, chess was banned in Afghanistan by Mullah
Mohammad Omar and the Taliban edicts. Anyone caught playing chess were beaten
or imprisoned. Chess was banned from 1994 through 2001.
In
1995, chess was banned from the San Jose library. Chess players were making too much noise,
gambling over the chess games, taking away chairs and tables from other library
patrons, and blocking the women’s restroom.
[source: The San Bernardino Sun, Aug 22, 1995, p. 3]
In 1996, some high schools in Salt Lake City, Utah
banned chess along with other non-academic clubs to prevent a club for gay high
school students from organizing.
In 1997, Oak Mountain Intermediate School in
Birmingham, Alabama banned chess in school because it was "too competitive
and did not foster the appropriate spirit commensurate with school principles."
In 2001, Bobby Fischer was banned from the USCF
after his comments about the United States after the 9/11 terrorist attack.
In 2002, chess players were banned from malls in
Hyde Park in Chicago.
In 2003, former world chess champion Ruslan
Ponomariov was banned from a the European Team Championship when his cell phone
rang during the course of the event. He was the first person banned under the
new FIDE law banning players from receiving cell phone calls.
In
2003, a player was caught in the bathroom using a handheld PC with a chess
program on it. He was disqualified and the tournament director asked his chess
federation to ban the player in other tournaments.
In 2004, Libya banned the Israeli chess team from
playing in the world chess championships in Tripoli.
In 2005, Grandmaster Mato Damjanovic was banned
from tournament play for one year for pretending to play in a chess tournament
(Kali Cup) which did not exist.
In 2005, Fair Haven Union High School banned chess
after the school banned all games. The administration said that they did not
want to have students play cards in school, so they banned all games, including
the chess club. Despite that, the school tied for 1st place in the Vermont
State Scholastic Chess Championship in 2006.
In 2006, during a tournament at Subroto Park in
India, Umakant Sharma was caught receiving instructions from an accomplice
using a chess computer via a Bluetooth-enabled device embedded in his cap. He
was banned from playing competitive chess for 10 years.
In 2006, at the World Open in Philadelphia, Steve
Rosenberg was leading before the final round in one of the sections. He was
playing for $18,000 if he won his last round. But he was caught using a
wireless transmitter and receiver in his ear (Rosenberg claimed it was a
hearing aid) and was disqualified and banned from the event.
In 2007, a team of East Valley home-schooled
students who won the 2006 Arizona Scholastic Championship was banned from the
2007 championship, held in Tucson. Rules were changed to not allow
home-schooled students from participating. Only public and private schools were
allowed to participate in the event.
In 2007, a chess team captain was caught outside
the playing room using a PDA with a Pocket Fritz chess playing program. The
player was banned to play in any further league matches.
In 2007, a Dutch player was banned from playing in
the Dutch League and Cup matches for three years after being caught using a PDA
with Pocket Fritz outside the playing hall. The arbiter caught him using the
device while stepping outside to get some fresh air.
In 2007, Krzysztof Ejsmont of Poland was banned
expelled from the Tadeusz Gniot Memorial tournament after 7 rounds for
"unsportive play." He was accused of using a chess program to make his
moves.
In 2008, Grandmaster Vassily Ivanchuk almost
became the first grandmaster to be banned for two years from World Chess
Federation (FIDE) tournaments when he refused to take a drug test after the
last round at the Chess Olympiad in Dresden. He declined to provide a urine
sample after losing the last round to GM Gata Kamsky, saying it was an insult
to his intelligence and honor.
In 2008, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Nigeria Chess
Federations were barred from the 2008 Chess Olympiad in Dresden, Germany because
of their failures to pay their annual FIDE dues. The countries later work out
their issues and were able to play. Before the Chess Olympiad started, 25
nations owed dues money to FIDE. Eventually, 23 countries paid their dues
except the Ethiopia, Uganda, and Nigeria Chess Federations.
In 2008, at the Dubai Open, M. Sadatnajafi was
caught receiving suggested moves by text message on his mobile phone. He was
banned and disqualified from the tournament.
In 2009, fundamentalist Muslim religious schools in
Britain banned chess.
In 2009, Indian Grandmaster G.N. Gopal was banned
for one year in all India events for failing to appear in the National
Championship. The ban was later revoked.
In 2009, during the Australian Norths Chess Club
Century Year chess tournament, a 14-year-old boy was caught using a hand-held
chess computer in the bathroom. The boy was expelled from the tournament and
banned for 2 years by the Australian Chess Federation.
In 2009, Grandmaster Susan Polgar and her husband
were banned from the USCF after being accused of posting nasty remarks on the
Internet in the name of another chess player.
In 2009, the Bulgarian Chess Federation barred
ChessBase from broadcasting the Topalov-Kamsky semi-finals World Chess
Challenge match, citing copyright infringement.
In January 2010, FIDE banned the Peruvian National
Chess Team from all international competition because of a debt of 7,800 euros
owed to FIDE as membership dues.
In 2010, San Francisco banned chess from being
played on Market Street.
In 2010, New York City banned chess from adults at
Emerson Playground. In October 2010, seven chess players were issued summonses
by the New York Police Department for playing chess there.
In 2011, Iranian grandmaster Ehsan Ghaem Maghami
refused to play his 4th round chess game against Israel's Ehud Sachar at the
Corisca Masters tournament. As a result of his refusal, Maghami was barred from
the rest of the tournament.
In 2011, the president of the English Chess
Federation, CJ de Mooi, was barred from presenting prizes at the British chess
championships in Sheffield because he was wearing a gay rights T-shirt. The
shirt bore the slogan, "Some people are gay, get over it."
In 2011, three French chess players, GM Sebastien
Feller, GM Arnaud Hauchard, and IM Cyril Marzolo, were banned for up to 5 years
for cheating in the 2010 Chess Olympiad in Khanty-Mansiysk. They were using
text messages to transmit moves to each other.
In 2011, Rybka, the strongest computer engine in
the world, and it creator, Vasik Rajlich, were banned from all future World
Computer Chess championship tournaments until the program no longer contained
derivatives of other chess engine programs. Rajlich was given a lifetime ban by
the International Computer Games Association (ICGA).
In 2011, during the German Chess Championship,
FIDE master Christop Natsidis used a chess program on his smartphone. He later
admitted that he had cheated and was banned and disqualified from the
championship.
In 2011, FIDE banned and suspended the Bangladesh
Chess Federation following the unpaid dues of 35,000 Turkish dollars. FIDE also
removed all the rated chess players of Bangladesh from the FIDE website. This
was the second time that the Bangladesh Chess Federation was suspended for not
paying their dues.
In 2012, a national master from Pakistan was
banned for 10 years for fixing chess matches and bribing chess players.
In 2012, a player, Clark Smiley, was caught using
a chess engine (Fritz) on a PDA during the Virginia Scholastic and Collegiate
Championships. The player was banned and disqualified from the tournament, had
his membership to the Virginia Chess Federation (VCF) revoked, and had an
ethics complaint filed to the USCF. Smiley was given permission to use the PDA
device to keep a digital record of each move using eNotate — but only for that
purpose. But he also had a chess engine installed on the device and was using
that to make his moves.
In 2012, women who wore low-cut blouses were
banned in the European Women's Chess Championship in Turkey.
In October 2012, a German grandmaster, Falko
Bindrich, was suspected of cheating at the German Bundesliga team match by
using an analysis program on his smartphone. He refused to be searched or turn
over his smartphone, whereupon his game was declared lost. Bindrich claimed
that there was private and corporate confidential information on his phone. The
German Chess Federation banned him for two years.
In 2012, GM Suat Atalik of Turkey was given a
15-month ban from international play by the Turkish Chess Federation. The ban
was a result of his refusal to sign a Turkish Chess Federation document stating
that he is responsible for all financial consequences of his participation in
chess tournaments abroad. Further, that he will "act in accordance with
the responsibilities of a national athlete" and won't commit "any
activity against the Turkish Republic."
In 2013, San Francisco banned chess at the corner
of Fifth and Market streets, where chess had been played for over 30 years. The
San Francisco Police Department came by and confiscated all the chess sets,
chess clocks, chairs, and tables were dozens of people would gather every day
to play chess. Police said the area had become a hotbed for illegal gambling
and drug use.
In 2013, at the Cork Congress Chess Open, a
16-year-old player was found to be using a chess program on a smartphone when
his opponent, Gabrial Mirza, confronted him in the bathroom, kicking down the
cubicle door and physically hauling him out. Mirza received a 10-month chess
ban in England for bringing chess into disrepute for his violent conduct, while
his 16-year-old opponent was banned for 4 months.
In 2013, Loris Cereda, a former mayor of a town in
Italy, was banned from all chess tournaments sponsored by the Italian Chess
Federation for cheating. He was accused of using a tiny camera in his glasses
and using an earpiece while playing his chess games. He was alleged to have
been receiving advice from someone with access to a computer.
In 2013, dozens of chess players were barred from chess.com,
accused of cheating. One chess teacher, Henry Despres, denied cheating and
opened a lawsuit in Brooklyn federal court. He wanted an apology, along with
$200,000 damages because of defamation, libel and the loss of chess lessons and
book sales.
In 2014, Wesley Vermeulan of the Netherlands was
caught cheating by consulting a mobile phone in the bathroom. He was banned for
one year by both the Dutch chess federation and FIDE.
In 2015, FIDE banned Garry Kasparov and former
FIDE general secretary Ignatius Leong from holding any office or position in
FIDE for two years. They were found guilty of violating the FIDE Moral Code as
the two made a deal to get Singapore to vote for Kasparov in the FIDE election.
In April 2015, grandmaster Gaioz Nigalidze of
Georgia was banned from the Dubai Open for using an electronic device. The
device was hide in one of the bathroom cubicles of the Dubai Chess and Culture
Club during his sixth-round game with Armenia's Tigran Petrosian. Nigalidze
faces a 15-year ban.
In June 2015, Italian amateur Arcangelo Ricciardi
was banned from a tournament in Italy for allegedly receiving moves transmitted
to him in Morse code by an accomplice. He had a small camera to transmit the
moves of each game he played and a device for receiving coded messages.
In January 2016, Stein Bjornsen, a 50-year-old
blind Norwegian chess player, was caught cheating when it was discovered that
the ear plug that he was using was incompatible with his recorder, but it was
capable of receiving messages by Bluetooth. He was banned from Norwegian chess
for 2 years.
In February 2016, Sergey Asianov was caught for
hiding a smartphone in the bathroom at the Moscow Open. He has banned from
organized chess events for one year.
In 2016, a chess organizer and a chess arbiter in
India were barred from all chess-related activities for a year for disobeying
the orders of the United Karnataka Chess Association. Another player, Rohan
Vijay Shandilya, was banned from all chess activities for 3 years for
disguising his identity at a chess tournament.
In September 2016, FIDE barred the Bulgarian Chess
Federation from any international activity in chess. It also barred Silvio
Danailov, former President of the Bulgarian Chess Federation, for 18 months for
allegations of possible wrongdoing.
In 2016, Rwanda banned their chess federation as
part of efforts to streamline their sports sector. The Rwanda Sports ministry
wanted to stop funding 'unrecognized' federations such as the Rwanda Chess
Federation. Chess players are banded from organizing or participating in any
local or foreign tournaments and will no longer be funded by the government.
In February 2017, an 18-year-old woman chess
grandmaster, Dorsa Derakhshani, was kicked off the Iranian national chess team
after competing in an international chess tournament (Tradewise Gibraltar Chess
Festival) without a hijab (headscarf). She has been prohibited from competing
in national tournaments, and from joining the Iranian national chess team.
In 2016, Saudi Arabia's grand mufti, Sheikh
Abdulla al-Sheikh, wanted to ban chess, saying that playing chess is forbidden
in Islam. He said that chess encourages gambling and is a waste of time and
caused hatred and enmity between players.
On August 25, 2016, FIDE President Kirsan Ilyumzhino
was barred from boarding a plane from Moscow to New York. He was on a sanctions
lists by the U.S. Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control for
allegedly "materially assisting and acting for or on behalf of the
Government of Syria."
In 2017, grandmaster Zhang Zhong of Singapore and
his wife, Woman International Master Li Roufan, were banned from the Asian
Zonals. They refused to sign and ratify the Singapore Federation Players
Agreement. The couple had 3 days to sign it, and they refused due to the rush
and that the agreement was too complicated, with too many clauses, and they
needed more time.
In February 2017, 15-year-old Bona Derakhshani was
banned from any Iranian chess tournaments because he competed against an
Israeli chess player at the Tradewise Gibraltar Chess Festival. Iran does not
recognize the state of Israel, and forbids its competitors from facing off
against Israeli rivals at sporting events, including chess.
In February 2017, the women's U.S. chess champion,
Nazi Paikidze, was banned from the World Women's Chess Championship in Iran
because she refused to wear a headscarf. Other top women chose not to
participate because of the strict code to wear a hijab include world number 1
female player and world women's champion Hou Yifan and 2015 women's world
champion, Mariya Muzychuk.
On April 12, 2017, a 12-year-old girl was barred
from a chess tournament in Putrajaya, Malaysia over a 'seductive' dress. The
tournament was the 2017 Malaysian National Scholastic Chess Championship. It
was a pretty knee-length dress. The girl was a district chess champion and was
unable to find a suitable outfit for the next round due to the timing of the
incident. She was told that she could not wear that dress at 10 pm for the next
round that start 9 am next morning. The tournament director told her and her
mother that she could only wear slacks and not a dress.
In 2017 and 2018, Tunisia banned Israelis from playing in the World Schools Chess Championship. [source: Polgar, “Tunisia Could Lose Chance to Host World Chess Meet After Banning Israelis,” Chess Daily News. July 29, 2018
In
2018, Saudi Arabia banned Israeli chess players in the World Rapid and Blitz
championship. The tournament was then
relocated to Russia. [source: The Times of Israel, Dec 3, 2018]
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